Politics in the Middle East by James A. Bill (first edition 1979; later editions co?authored with Carl Leiden and Robert Springborg, including the 5th edition, Longman, 2000) is a widely used academic text analyzing the systems, processes, and dynamics of Middle Eastern politics. Bill examines themes of power, stratification, and development, with attention to civil society, leadership patterns, the resurgence of Islam, women’s roles, the Arab?Israeli conflict, Persian Gulf upheavals, and U.S. foreign policy.